Архангельск celebrated its 435th anniversary in 2019. Founded in 1584 by the order of Tsar Ivan Vasilievich, also known as Ivan IV or Ivan the Terrible (Иван Грозный), Архангельск served as Russia's only port.  Today the port is open all year thanks to ice breakers, which keep a channel open to the White Sea even in the cold, dark months of winter.